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Effects of specific herbal Extracts on in vitro
fermentation kinetics of oats, alfalfa hay or a total mixed ration
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D. Colombatto1*, A.
D. Garciarena2,
A. J. Flores2,
J. M. Hernández Vieyra3,
G. Gagliostro2,
J. J. Grigera Naón1, L. Mazuranok4,
C. Ionescu4
1University of Buenos Aires,
Argentina;
2EEA Balcarce INTA, Argentina;
3Argent
Export SA, Argentina;
4Pancosma Bioactives, France |
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The message
Although responses to pure herbal extracts appear
to be feed-specific, addition of cinnamaldehyde has the potential to
positively impact fermentation and degradation of selected ruminant
feeds. |
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Introduction
Use of ruminal fermentation modifiers such as
monensin is an extended practice. However, due to consumer pressure
the European Union has decided to ban the use of monensin as growth
promoter inside its territory from January 2006. Herbal extracts (HE)
appear as a suitable option due to good acceptability and their
potential to improve ruminal fermentation variables. The objective of
this study was to examine the effects of specific HE on feeds typical
of dairy enterprises in Argentina. |
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Material and Methods
Approximately 1 g of grazing oats, alfalfa hay,
or a total mixed ration consisting of 30% oats, 30% corn silage, 22%
corn grain and 12% sunflower meal (DM basis) weighed in triplicate in
100-mL fermentation flasks (Table 1).
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Table 1. Chemical composition of
the feeds (g/kg DM)
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Feed |
OM |
CP |
NDF |
ADF |
Starch |
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Grazing oats |
870 |
283 |
359 |
217 |
ND |
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Alfalfa hay |
868 |
200 |
308 |
254 |
ND |
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TMR |
930 |
161 |
300 |
158 |
372 |
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†Not determined |
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Results and Discussion
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Effects of HE on rate and extent of GP varied
according to the substrate (Table 2).
Monensin decreased (p<0.05) both rate and extent
of GP in all feeds. It did not alter (p<0.05) DM degradability, but
reduced (p<0.05) NDF degradability of alfalfa hay (Table
3).
40 ml of anaerobic buffer and 10 ml ruminal fluid
added.
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Treatments: control (CON); monensin (added
to an equivalent of 300 mg animal-1 d-1;
MON); and cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EUG) or a combination of the
two (62% eugenol and 38% cinnamaldehyde; MIX) added at the equivalent
rates of 3, 30 and 300 mg animal-1 d-1.
A cow that consumes 20 kg feed d-1
was used as standard for HE application rates.
Gas production (GP) kinetics determined at 2, 4,
6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 48 and 72 h post inoculation. DM and fiber
degradability at 24 h also determined.
Experiment replicated on three occasions. MIXED
Procedures of SAS used.
CIN increased (p<0.05) DM degradability of oats,
and NDF degradability of alfalfa hay (Table 4). No differences
(p>0.05) were detected when EUG or MIX were added to the feeds.
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Table 2. Effects of herbal
extracts on gas production at 24 h (mL/g OM) from grazing oats,
alfalfa hay or a TMR. |
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Treatment |
Grazing oats |
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Control |
3 mg |
30 mg |
300 mg |
SEM |
Trt effect, P< |
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CIN |
111.2 |
123.8 |
112.9 |
112.3 |
8.97 |
0.357 |
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EUG |
111.2 |
114.3 |
107.5 |
109.8 |
8.96 |
0.114 |
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MIX |
111.2 |
112.0 |
106.6 |
110.3 |
9.55 |
0.552 |
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Alfalfa hay |
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CIN |
116.1 |
120.9 |
125.7 |
123.6 |
6.23 |
0.135 |
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EUG |
116.1 |
122.0 |
122.8 |
114.3 |
4.76 |
0.291 |
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MIX |
116.1 |
125.5 |
125.5 |
122.9 |
6.28 |
0.085 |
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TMR |
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CIN |
132.7 |
138.3 |
128.8 |
136.3 |
4.89 |
0.416 |
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EUG |
132.7b |
133.0b |
121.3a |
134.4b |
4.9 |
0.003 |
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MIX |
132.7 |
139.3 |
130.0 |
137.2 |
4.74 |
0.237 |
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Table 3. Effects of monensin on cumulative gas
production, DM and NDF degradability.
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Grazing oats |
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Treatment |
GP (mL/g OM) |
DMD(g/kg MS) |
NDFD (g/kg MS) |
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CON |
162.3 |
443.4 |
232.5 |
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MON |
84.6 |
434.3 |
222.4 |
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SEM |
10.32 |
34.43 |
61.78 |
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Trt effect, P< |
0.0005 |
0.635 |
0.712 |
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Alfalfa hay |
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CON |
154.0 |
377.7 |
55.97 |
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MON |
108.6 |
363.3 |
30.02a |
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SEM |
9.16 |
20.02 |
63.43 |
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Trt effect, P< |
0.002 |
0.513 |
0.006 |
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CON |
174.5 |
439.5 |
160.9 |
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MON |
118.7 |
425.7 |
137.5 |
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SEM |
5.49 |
14.89 |
48.09 |
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Trt effect, P< |
0.01 |
0.466 |
0.417 |
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Table 4. Effects of cinnamaldehyde
on DM and fiber degradability.
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Treatment |
DMD |
NDFD |
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Control |
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232 |
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CIN3 |
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255 |
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CIN30 |
462b |
255 |
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CIN300 |
473b |
333 |
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SEM |
27.3 |
73.4 |
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Trt effect, P< |
0.015 |
0.198 |
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Linear |
0.06 |
0.280 |
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Quadratic |
0.009 |
0.068 |
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Cubic |
0.06 |
0.83 |
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Alfalfa hay |
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Treatment |
DMD |
NDFD |
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Control |
378 |
56a |
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CIN3 |
368 |
49 |
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CIN30 |
391 |
48a |
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CIN300 |
395 |
85b |
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SEM |
23.3 |
67.0 |
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Trt effect, P< |
0.403 |
0.035 |
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Linear |
0.714 |
0.854 |
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Quadratic |
0.241 |
0.006 |
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Cubic |
0.251 |
0.656 |
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TMR |
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Treatment |
DMD |
NDFD |
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Control |
439 |
161 |
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CIN3 |
438 |
143 |
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CIN30 |
432 |
133 |
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CIN300 |
434 |
169 |
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SEM |
18.1 |
58.1 |
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Trt effect, P< |
0.925 |
0.238 |
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Linear |
0.680 |
0.316 |
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Quadratic |
0.845 |
0.101 |
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Cubic |
0.652 |
0.455 |
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Conclusiones
Addition of cinnamaldehyde increased in vitro DM
degradability of oats, and fiber degradability of alfalfa. Responses
to other HE appear to be feed-specific. |
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