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Disminución de la producción > Paratuberculosis
Relationship between the microelements Copper, Zinc, Iron, Selenium,
and Molybdenum and Paratuberculosis in meat cattle
Relación entre los microelementos Cobre, Zinc, Hierro, Selenio,
Molibdeno y la paratuberculosis en ganado bovino
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Perea, J.2; Cseh, S.1,2; Verna, A.2;
Morsella, C.2; Paolicchi, F.1,2
Department of Animal Production, EEA INTA Balcarce,
Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, CC
276, Balcarce (7620). Argentina. Corresponding author: Fernando Paolicchi.
Phone +54 266 439121. Fax +54 266 439120. e-mail:fpaolicchi@balcarce.inta.gov.ar
7mo. International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis. Bilbao, España. 11 al 14
de junio de 2002.
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Introduction
Paratuberculosis (Ptbc) is an infectious disease
characterized by chronic enteritis that causes a progressive deterioration of
the infected animals, which eventually drives them to death (1Chiodini and
others, 1984). It mainly affects cattle, but other ruminants are also
susceptible. The etiological agent of Ptbc is Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis (Map) antigenically and genetically closely related to others
Mycobacteria but the most evident genetic difference is the presence of the
specific insertion sequence IS900 and which is used as target of primers by the
PCR. The animals with clinical symptoms but also the so-called subclinical
carriers of the disease should be considered to suffer of low milk or meat
productivity and reproductive disorders, and the nutritional deficiency of some
minerals in the diet could predispose to the onset of Ptbc in cattle.
Objective
To study the relationship between Ptbc and deficiency of
minerals in blood of adult bovine.
Materials and Methods
Animals and Samples
Samples of blood, serum, and feces were obtained from 75
bovine adults without clinical symptom of Ptbc from two meat herds of the
Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Drinking water and pasture samples were
taken too.
Laboratory Analysis
Serum: was processed by the indirect ELISA absorbed with
Mycobacterium phlei to identify seroreactors, using antigen PPA 3 (Allied
Monitor)
Feces: were individually cultured in tubes containing
Herrold´s medium with and without mycobactin, plus pyruvate and antibiotic
(vancomycin, nistatin, amphotericin, nalidixic acid) and were observed during
four months to development of Map. The colonies were confirmed to PCR for the
presence IS900.
Biochemical analysis: a) in serum, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn),
and iron (Fe) concentration was quantified by spectrophotometry of atomic
absorption and selenium (Se) concentration, by activity of peroxidase
glutathione. b) in pasture, Cu, Zn, Fe, and molybdenum (Mo) concentration was
measured. c) in water the pH and the concentration of sulfates were determined.
Results
Of the 75 animals, 16 (21.3%) were positive to absorbed
ELISA, of these, 6 (37.5%) were positive to Map, 4 (66.6%) of them were
deficient in Cu (x:0.4 ug/ml) and Se (x:20.8 GPxUI/gHb), while their values of
Fe (x:1.4 ug/ml) and Zn (x:1.3 ug/ml) were normal. Another 6 (8%) animals
suspicious through absorbed ELISA and positive to Map culture, showed low or
marginal values of Cu (x:0.6 ug/ml). Fe (1391.4 ppm) and Mo (2.4 ppm) values in
pasture were high, what would affect Cu absorption at ruminal level. Zn (34.8
ppm) and Cu (7 ppm) values, as well as sulfates (213 mg/L) were normal in water,
with an alkaline pH.
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Total # animales |
ELISAI
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Culture
Map |
Cu
(µg/ml) |
Zn
(µg/ml) |
Fe
(µg/ml) |
GSH- Px
(UI/g Hb) |
Hb
(g/100 ml) |
Hard 1
(n = 45) |
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(+)
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(-)
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Low or
Marginal |
Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Low or
Marginal |
Normal
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Normal |
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(+) = 8
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3
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5
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--
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0,9 ± 0,31
(0,6 - 1,4)
n = 8
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1,6 ± 0,27
(1,3 - 2,0) n = 8
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1,4 ± 0,17
(1,1 - 1,7)
n = 8
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22,3 ± 8,50
(19 - 32)
n = 3
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52,2 ±14,35
(38 - 72)
n = 5
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12,2 ± 0,75
(11,6 - 13,8)
n = 8
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(S) = 21 |
5 |
16 |
0,4 ± 0,12
(0,2 - 0,5)
n = 6
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0,8 ± 0,15
(0,6 - 1,0)
n = 15
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1,4 ± 0,39
(0,7 - 2,0)
n = 21
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1,3 ± 0,24
(0,9 - 1,9)
n = 21
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34 ± 0,71
(33 - 34)
n = 2
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56 ± 12,13
(42 - 88)
n =15
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12 ± 1,24
(10-15,6)
n = 21
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(-) = 16 |
1 |
15 |
0,5 ± 0,05
(0,4 - 0,5)
n = 4
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0,9 ± 0,18 (0,6 - 1,3)
n = 12
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1,3 ± 0,30
(0,7 - 2,1)
n = 16
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1,3 ± 0,21 (1,0 - 1,7)
n = 16
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32 ± 4,94
(28 - 35)
n = 2
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55 ± 13,78 (38 - 78)
n = 14
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12,4 ± 1,28
(10 - 14,4)
n = 16
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Hard 2
n = 30 |
(+) = 5
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3
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2
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0,4 ± 0,11
(0,3 - 0,5
n = 4
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0,7
n = 1
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0,8 ± 0,13
(0,6 - 0,9)
n = 5
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1,3 ± 0,14
(1,1 - 1,4)
n = 5
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16
n = 1
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49 ± 7,74
(40 - 58)
n = 4
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14 ± 1,00
(12,2 - 15,0)
n = 5
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(S) = 8
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1
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7
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0,4 ± 0,08
(0,3 - 0,5)
n = 8 |
-- |
1,0 ± 0,16
(0,8 - 1,4)
n = 8 |
1,3 ± 0,24
(0,9 - 1,5) |
33
n = 1 |
61 ± 18,59
(40 - 94)
n= 7 |
14 ± 1,29
(11,3 - 15,6)
n = 8 |
(-) = 17 |
- |
17 |
0,4 ± 0,11
(0,2 - 0,5)
n = 12
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0,7 ± 0,08
(0,6 - 0,8)
n = 5
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0,9 ± 0,12
(0,6 - 1,1)
n = 17
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1,2 ± 0,14
(0,9 - 1,5)
n = 17
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32 ± 1,41
(31 - 33)
n = 2
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62 ± 22,65
(40 - 120)
n = 15
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14 ± 1,98
(11,3 - 20,7)
n = 17
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Discussion
Se deficiency and primary or secondary Cu
deficiency due to the presence of antagonists, as Fe, Mo, or sulfates,
could indicate predisposition to the development of Ptbc in meat
cattle.
It is important to emphasize the presence of low
and marginal Cu mean values in animals suspicious to absorbed ELISA
and positive to Map. This condition could indicate a tendency to
disease development in these animals.
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